Natural Resources Wales (NRW), Sue Byrne.
Abstract
This presentation outlines the objectives, methodologies, and innovative techniques employed in freshwater and marine environmental monitoring. The primary aims include complying with statutory reporting requirements like the Water Environment (WFD) Regulations, tracking ecological status and trends, evaluating the impact of management actions, supporting policy-making, and conducting localized investigations. The monitoring process involves sampling water, biota, and sediments, conducting ecological and dive surveys, and analyzing invertebrate samples in accredited labs. Additionally, it highlights the adoption of less traditional approaches, such as passive samplers, sonar technologies, remote sensing, AI-driven image analysis, and sensor deployment, to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of monitoring programs. These activities are guided by structured six-year and annual plans to ensure comprehensive environmental oversight.