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Grazing has been implicated in the decline of heather-dominated moorlands in Britain, but there has been little consideration of the effects of differ...

Trajectories of plant communities can be described by different models of plant succession. While a Clementsian (gradual continuum model) or Gleasonia...

Much concern has been expressed about the sustainability of fuelwood harvesting in Africa. Most models predict that demand will outstrip supply within...

Wild large herbivores provide goods and income to rural communities, have major impacts on land use and habitats of conservation importance and, in so...

1. In recent decades, plastic tree shelters have been used to great effect to provide protection to individual planted trees in created woodlands. How...

Management of trees with high conservation value under altered land use is challenging. This applies to European aspen Populus tremula, a keystone tre...

Clear-fell harvesting of non-native plantation forests in the southern hemisphere creates large amounts of woody debris that is used for breeding by n...

Timber-oriented forest management profoundly alters forest structure and composition, with complex effects on associated biodiversity. However, while ...

The biodiversity and climate crises demand ambitious policies lowering the environmental impacts of farming. Most current interventions incentivise so...

Norway rat Rattus norvegicus populations are usually controlled with toxic baits, but this approach is increasingly recognized as having negative welf...