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The European Union (EU) Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that member states establish type-specific reference conditions for all waterbodies, ...

Realistic measures of the impact of individual or multiple stressors are important for ecological risk assessment. Although multiple anthropogenic str...

There have been air pollution problems in Britain for several centuries. The nature of such problems has changed: intense local smoke pollution has be...

In Britain, man's alteration to river habitats began with forest clearances and continued with developments for water power and navigation. Industrial...

The effects of various environmental factors on the ditch bank vegetation in peat areas in the western Netherlands were studied to find the best manag...

Lime has been applied to lakes and catchment areas in order to counteract the effects of acidification. Results are reported from laboratory and field...

Water levels in areas with intensive agriculture have often been strictly controlled for decades. Recently, more natural fluctuating water levels have...

There is compelling evidence that anthropogenic disturbance can decrease biodiversity and impair ecological functioning. A major challenge to biodiver...

During the last century, many plant species typical of heathland and nutrient-poor acidic grasslands have become rare whereas others have remained com...

Large-scale decreases in the groundwater table in western parts of the lower Rhine area, Germany, have led to changes in species composition of Alnus ...