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The epiphytic vegetation of 60 stems of aspen (Populus tremula) was studied in a 16-ha forest area near Uppsala, Sweden. The cover of bryophytes and o...

In Europe, agri-environmental schemes (AES) have been unsuccessful in halting biodiversity declines to any great extent. Two shortcomings of AES inclu...

Ground-vegetation succession was analysed at 4 Swedish coniferous sites (dominated by Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris, or both species) 8-16 years after...

Coastal ecosystem restoration is often ineffective and expensive in practice. As a consequence, upscaling restoration efforts to functionally relevant...

Like many farmland birds, the largest European population of the black-tailed godwit Limosa limosa, in The Netherlands, has been declining for decades...

Nature conservation and restoration traditionally focus on protecting individual sites. In parts of the world where the natural landscape has been sev...

In studies in a 60- to 90-year-old stand on dry sandy soil in western Finland, Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees that had been defoliated by the pin...

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been advocated for the protection of threatened marine mammals, but there is no empirical evidence that they are ef...

One of the greatest threats to lotic ecosystems is flow regulation. The impacts of flow regulation on native fish are often mitigated using periodic w...

Industrial forestry typically leads to a simplified forest structure and altered species composition. Retention of trees at harvest was introduced abo...