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Non-trophic interactions (or, inter-species associations) play a prominent role in determining community structure and function. Mixed-species bird fl...

China is Asia's most important upstream riparian country, sharing 110 rivers and lakes with 18 downstream countries. Consequently, China's management ...

Shrubland ecosystems are often inherently flammable due to a canopy structure favourable for fire propagation. At the same time, the fuel bed is not s...

Defoliation of oak trees and seedlings (Quercus petraea, Q. petraea and putative hybrids of the 2 species) by various lepidopteran species was investi...

The effect of grazing by red deer (Cervus elaphus) was assessed in eight native pinewoods (dominated by Pinus sylvestris) in the Scottish Highlands in...

Historical reference conditions have long been used to guide the restoration of degraded ecosystems. However, a rapidly changing climate and altered d...

Loss in forest cover associated with human activities leads to forest islands within a fragmented landscape. Anthropogenic disturbance may also direct...

The amount and seasonality of browsing on experimentally planted saplings (<30 cm tall) of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris), silver birch (Betula pend...

Selective logging is pervasive in the tropics and is among the most urgent threats to tropical biodiversity. The vast areas of logged tropical forest ...

Forests of mountain birch (Betula pubescens subsp. tortuosa [B. tortuosa]) in the lower parts of the Abisko valley, northern Sweden, and in the Finnma...