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The interactions between adjacent trophic levels are essential for ecosystem functioning and stability. Grazing by domestic herbivores is an essential...

P. ponderosa was grown as widely-spaced trees in a hexazinone-treated monoculture and in mixture with the grass Calamagrostis rubescens for 4 growing ...

Insect pollination and biological pest control simultaneously influence crop yield, but are often investigated individually. This can lead to under- o...

The European smelt, Osmerus eperlanus is a small anadromous fish which largely occupies coastal and brackish waters and moves into freshwater for spaw...

The role of apex predators in structuring ecosystems through the suppression of mesopredator activity and abundance is receiving increasing attention,...

1. Improving the health of coastal and open sea marine ecosystems represents a substantial challenge for sustainable marine resource management, since...

1. There is mounting concern that people living more urbanised, modern lifestyles have fewer and lower quality interactions with nature, and therefore...

Lianas or woody vines can be detrimental to the trees that support them. Research on liana cutting for tropical timber management has demonstrated pos...

Resource availability and natural enemies are among the most commonly cited mechanisms affecting competitive ability of invasive plants, but their sim...

Nature conservation often depends on the behaviour of individuals, which can be driven by socio-psychological factors such as a person's attitude, kno...