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Environmental risk assessment of contaminants is conventionally based on toxic effects assessed in organism-level test systems. We suggest that, for t...

Many studies have investigated adaptation to climate change. However, the term 'adaptation' has been used ambiguously and sometimes included parts of ...

Expert opinion is often relied on to build ecological models when empirical data are absent. Despite widespread use, expert models often ignore uncert...

Artificial light at night (ALAN) is a recognized threat not only to urban areas but also to more remote habitats including forests. Advancements in LE...

Establishing biological control agents in the field is a major step in any classical biocontrol programme, yet there are few general guidelines to hel...

Carbon sequestration is a key ecosystem service provided by forests. Inventory data based on individual trees are considered to be the most accurate m...

Plants face a constant struggle to acquire nutrients and defend themselves against herbivores. Mycorrhizae are fungal mutualists that provide nutrient...

Grazing by ungulate herbivores can greatly alter nitrogen ([N]) and phosphorus ([P]) concentrations in plants and soils. It is not clear, however, how...

Pesticides and parasites have each been linked to increased mortality in western honey bees (Apis mellifera). Currently, it is uncertain if one makes ...

Successful conservation of ecosystems exhibiting alternative stable states requires tools to accurately classify states and quantify state transition ...